Vytal Ingredient

Joint Health & Mobility Support

Glucosamine

Helps repair cartilage and mitigate osteoarthritis discomfort.

Glucosamine is an amino sugar that supports healthy cartilage metabolism, inhibits enzymes that degrade joint tissue, and can help reduce arthritic pain in dogs. Studies have shown that it improves mobility and joint function when used regularly (often paired with chondroitin).

Chondroitin

Works with glucosamine to protect cartilage, reduce inflammation, and enhance shock absorption in joints.

Chondroitin sulfate is naturally found in cartilage. It helps retain water in the joint matrix, cushions impact, and prevents cartilage breakdown. In canine osteoarthritis trials, glucosamine–chondroitin combinations are widely used to help slow degenerative changes and relieve joint pain.

MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane)

Anti-inflammatory sulfur compound that often amplifies benefits of other joint supplements.

MSM provides bioavailable sulfur for collagen formation, reduces cytokine production, and may help relieve pain in arthritic joints. It’s frequently combined with glucosamine, chondroitin, and boswellia to improve overall joint comfort.

Collagen Peptides

Supplies amino acids that build and maintain cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.

Collagen (especially Type II or UC-II) can help repair damaged cartilage and enhance joint flexibility. Oral collagen may also help “train” the immune system to tolerate cartilage tissues, reducing autoimmune inflammation in osteoarthritis. Hydrolyzed collagen peptides further support skin and coat health.

Green-Lipped Mussel

Marine mollusk extract rich in unique omega-3s and glycosaminoglycans that alleviate joint stiffness.

Derived from Perna canaliculus, green-lipped mussel contains ETA fatty acids, glycosaminoglycans, and other compounds shown to reduce arthritic pain in dogs. Studies indicate it may improve mobility, slow cartilage breakdown, and reduce inflammation when dosed properly.

Turmeric (Curcumin)

A potent antioxidant herb that lowers joint inflammation and COX-2 activity.

Curcumin, turmeric’s main active compound, has demonstrated powerful anti-inflammatory effects, comparable in some studies to NSAIDs. It also scavenges free radicals and may help slow degenerative changes in joints. Bioavailability enhancers (e.g., piperine) are often used to improve absorption.

Boswellia serrata

Resin extract (frankincense) that reduces inflammation via 5-LOX inhibition.

Boswellic acids inhibit key inflammatory enzymes, reducing pain and stiffness in arthritic dogs. In combination with glucosamine, chondroitin, or MSM, boswellia can further improve joint function. It’s also considered relatively gentle on the GI tract compared to some pharmaceutical anti-inflammatories.

Devil’s Claw

A traditional African herb used to ease joint pain and inflammation.

Harpagophytum procumbens, or devil’s claw, contains harpagoside, which helps reduce swelling and pain in arthritic joints. Although formal canine studies are fewer, it’s long been used in herbal medicine to support joint mobility.

Yucca Root

An herbal anti-inflammatory that may reduce joint pain and improve digestion.

Yucca root extract contains saponins credited with anti-arthritic properties. It is sometimes included in joint formulas to lessen inflammation and discomfort, and it may also aid digestion by binding toxins in the gut.

Bromelain (for joints)

A proteolytic enzyme that helps reduce edema, inflammation, and joint stiffness.

Bromelain, derived from pineapple stems, can break down pro-inflammatory proteins in tissues. Often combined with curcumin or quercetin for enhanced anti-inflammatory effects. Systemic use may help reduce swelling in injured or arthritic joints.

Gut Health (Digestion & Microbiome)

Probiotics (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus faecium)

Live beneficial bacteria strains that balance the gut flora, reduce diarrhea, and boost immune defenses.

A multi-strain blend (e.g., Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. plantarum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Enterococcus faecium) can help crowd out pathogenic bacteria, improve stool quality, and bolster the dog’s GI-immune barrier. Clinical studies in dogs show improved stool consistency, reduced IBS symptoms, and better nutrient absorption with regular probiotic use.

Prebiotics (Inulin, FOS)

Soluble fibers that feed “good” gut bacteria and aid in forming healthy stools.

Inulin and fructooligosaccharides selectively nourish beneficial bacteria in the colon. Canine studies show prebiotics raise counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, help firm up stools, and improve digestion. They also produce short-chain fatty acids like butyrate that enhance gut lining integrity.

Digestive Enzymes (Amylase, Protease, Lipase)

Enzyme blend that helps break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, supporting nutrient absorption.

These enzymes assist the pancreas in digesting macronutrients—useful for dogs with mild pancreatic insufficiency or seniors with decreased enzyme output. Some studies note improved energy digestibility (e.g., ~18% more digestible energy) in dogs fed enzyme supplements, though results can vary.

Papain

A papaya-derived protease that further aids protein digestion and can reduce inflammation.

Papain functions similarly to bromelain by breaking down proteins, easing the workload on the GI tract. It may also help with mild inflammation and complement other enzymes, offering broader digestive support.

Slippery Elm Bark

Mucilaginous herb that coats and soothes inflamed GI tissue, aiding with diarrhea and IBS symptoms.

Slippery elm forms a protective film over the intestinal lining. This can calm irritation, reduce stool frequency, and help rehydrate the gut. Commonly recommended by holistic vets for dogs with intermittent diarrhea or sensitive stomachs.

Pumpkin/Psyllium (soluble fibers)

Additional fiber sources for stool regularity and healthy bowel motility.

Pumpkin (high in soluble fiber) and psyllium husk help dogs with either diarrhea or constipation, normalizing the stool consistency. They also provide prebiotic benefits and may help maintain beneficial bacteria in the colon.

Ginger Root

A warming herb that helps relieve nausea, support gastric motility, and reduce bloating.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has antiemetic properties, often used to manage motion sickness or general digestive upset in dogs. It can also have mild anti-inflammatory effects in the GI tract.

Cognitive Function & Brain Health

NAD⁺ Precursors (Nicotinamide Riboside/Niagen)

Boost cellular energy and promote healthy aging by restoring NAD⁺ levels in brain and muscle cells.

NAD⁺ is critical for mitochondrial function, DNA repair, and healthy metabolism. Levels decline with age, contributing to cognitive and muscular decline. NR or NMN supplementation in dogs is an emerging area of research, with early studies suggesting increased vitality and possibly improved cognitive scores in older dogs when combined with other brain-healthy nutrients.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)

Mitochondrial cofactor that enhances energy production in heart and brain cells.

CoQ10 acts as an antioxidant in the mitochondria, protecting neurons and cardiac tissue from oxidative damage. Though canine-specific data are limited, it’s widely used in dogs with heart disease and, by extension, can support neuronal energy metabolism. The ubiquinol form is often preferred for higher absorption.

Resveratrol

Polyphenol that activates sirtuin pathways, offering anti-aging and neuroprotective benefits.

Found in grapes and berries, resveratrol may reduce oxidative stress, inhibit inflammation, and support healthy blood flow. In lab models, it slows tumor growth and can protect cells from DNA damage. Dogs metabolize resveratrol faster than humans, so small daily doses ensure consistent levels. Also contributes to overall longevity and cardiovascular support.

Ginkgo biloba

Herb known for enhancing cerebral blood flow and potentially improving memory in senior dogs.

Ginkgo’s flavone glycosides and terpenoids protect neurons against oxidative stress and promote better brain perfusion. In aged Beagles, a supplement containing ginkgo, phosphatidylserine, and vitamins E/B6 significantly improved memory tasks. Ginkgo may also help slow cognitive decline when administered long-term.

Phosphatidylserine (PS)

A phospholipid that supports neuron membrane fluidity, communication, and learning/memory processes.

PS supplementation in aged dogs correlates with improved learning, memory recall, and decreased stress hormone levels. It helps maintain healthy synaptic function, especially in the context of age-related cognitive dysfunction. Often combined with Ginkgo for synergistic cognitive benefits.

Vitamin E

Fat-soluble antioxidant that shields brain cell membranes from free radical damage.

High levels of oxidative stress accelerate cognitive decline in dogs. Vitamin E, especially in combination with other antioxidants, can slow that process. Studies in older canines link antioxidant-rich diets to improved cognitive function. Also beneficial for immune support, skin/coat health, and overall cellular resilience.

B Vitamins (B6, B12, Folate)

Crucial co-factors for neurotransmitter synthesis and homocysteine regulation, vital to brain health.

A balanced B-complex ensures the dog can synthesize neurotransmitters (like serotonin, dopamine) efficiently and manage homocysteine (elevated levels can damage neurons). In older dogs, adequate B-vitamin intake may help slow certain age-related cognitive issues.

MCTs (Medium-Chain Triglycerides)

An alternative fuel source for aging neurons, found in coconut oil powder.

MCTs rapidly convert to ketone bodies in the liver, which can cross the blood-brain barrier to supply energy when glucose utilization declines. In senior dogs, MCT-enriched diets have shown better cognitive function and alertness, presumably by providing a more efficient brain fuel.

Heart Health & Cardiovascular Support

Taurine

An amino acid essential for normal cardiac contraction and rhythm; deficiency can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Taurine is vital for healthy heart function in dogs, especially large or certain predisposed breeds. Supplementation has reversed diet-related DCM in many dogs. Even without overt deficiency, extra taurine can benefit heart performance. Also supports bile acid conjugation and retinal health.

L-Carnitine

Transports fatty acids into mitochondria for energy production, supporting the high demands of heart muscle.

Some breeds are prone to carnitine deficiency-based cardiomyopathy. L-carnitine supplementation in these dogs can improve heart contractility and reduce arrhythmias. In healthy dogs, it provides an extra “energy buffer” for the heart. Often paired with taurine for synergistic cardiac support.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA/DHA)

Anti-inflammatory fats also known to stabilize heart rhythm, reduce muscle wasting, and improve appetite in dogs with cardiac disease.

High-dose fish oil (EPA/DHA) is recommended in canine heart failure to reduce cachexia (muscle wasting) and inflammation. Research shows it can extend survival times in dogs with DCM or chronic valvular disease. Omega-3s also modulate cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6), decreasing the damage they inflict on cardiac muscle.

Coenzyme Q10

Mitochondrial antioxidant that supports ATP synthesis in heart cells (repeated from Cognition).

Also recommended by many veterinary cardiologists for dogs with mitral valve disease or DCM. It helps protect the heart from oxidative stress and may improve energy output. Though evidence in dogs is still emerging, it’s widely regarded as a safe, supportive adjunct to standard heart therapy.

Magnesium

Key electrolyte that helps regulate heart rhythm and muscle contraction.

Adequate magnesium can prevent arrhythmias and support vascular tone. It stabilizes excitable membranes in the heart. Mild deficiency could exacerbate cardiac problems, so including magnesium ensures dogs meet their daily requirements.

Potassium

Critical for normal electrical conduction in the heart; low potassium can lead to dangerous arrhythmias.

Potassium is typically adequate in most diets, but subclinical shortfalls can appear in older or ill dogs. Supplementation helps maintain stable heart rhythms, especially if the dog is on diuretic medications for heart disease.

Hawthorn Berry

Traditional cardiotonic herb that strengthens heartbeat and may improve coronary blood flow.

Crataegus extracts show mild ACE-inhibitor-like effects and have been used in herbal medicine to support mild heart failure. Hawthorn is rich in flavonoids that protect blood vessels and help with vasodilation. Although dog-specific data are limited, it is considered a gentle, supportive herb for long-term cardiac well-being.

Skin & Coat Health

Vitamin E (repeated)

Antioxidant that protects cell membranes in skin/hair follicles and reduces itching.

Studies in dogs with atopic dermatitis showed that vitamin E supplementation can significantly improve lesion scores and itch intensity by restoring antioxidant balance in the skin. It helps maintain healthy sebum production, supports hair follicle function, and defends against oxidative stress from allergens or environmental factors.

Biotin (Vitamin B7)

Water-soluble vitamin that promotes strong, shiny coats and healthy skin barrier function.

Even subclinical biotin supplementation can produce dramatic improvements in dogs with brittle hair, alopecia, or dermatitis. Clinical reports show that 80–90% of dogs improve within weeks of daily biotin. It is fundamental in keratin formation, which underpins hair, nails, and outer skin layers.

Zinc

Trace mineral critical for skin repair, coat quality, and immune defense.

Zinc deficiency leads to crusty, thickened skin and poor hair growth (zinc-responsive dermatosis), especially in Northern breeds (Huskies, Malamutes). Adequate zinc ensures normal shedding cycles, helps fight skin infections, and contributes to healthy coat pigmentation. Our supplement provides a safe but effective dose in a chelated form for improved absorption.

Collagen (also in Joints)

Supplies amino acids (glycine, proline) that boost skin elasticity and reduce excessive shedding.

Collagen peptides strengthen hair shafts and improve dermal collagen networks. In anecdotal reports, grooming professionals see thicker, shinier coats when dogs receive supplemental collagen or gelatin. It also supports nail health and wound healing by promoting proper tissue formation.

GLA (Borage/Evening Primrose Oil)

An omega-6 fatty acid that helps maintain a balanced skin lipid barrier, reducing dryness and itch.

Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) from borage or evening primrose is used for canine atopic dermatitis because it modulates inflammatory pathways in the skin. When combined with omega-3 (EPA/DHA), it can significantly reduce itching, redness, and scaling in allergic or sensitive dogs.

Vitamin A (Beta-Carotene)

Supports healthy epithelial cells, sebum production, and coat vibrancy.

Vitamin A is crucial for normal cell turnover in skin and hair follicles. Beta-carotene is a safer, plant-based precursor that dogs can convert to active vitamin A as needed, reducing overdose risk. Adequate vitamin A fosters proper shedding cycles and brightens coat luster.

Methionine

A sulfur-containing amino acid important for keratin synthesis, fur growth, and nail strength.

Along with cysteine, methionine helps form disulfide bonds in keratin. Deficiency can cause hair fragility and poor coat. Supplemental methionine can enhance hair thickness and reduce breakage. It also supports normal detox and can help acidify urine (though that’s a separate use).

Copper & Iodine

Trace minerals for coat pigment (copper) and thyroid-driven skin health (iodine).

Copper deficiency can cause a washed-out coat color and poor keratin structure. Iodine supports thyroid hormones, which regulate hair growth and metabolic rate. Both are included in small, balanced amounts to avoid any risk of toxicity.

Immune System & Overall Wellness Support

Astragalus Root

Traditional Chinese Medicine herb that “strengthens Qi,” boosts immune cell function, and supports vitality.

Astragalus membranaceus contains polysaccharides that activate macrophages, NK cells, and other immune pathways. Used in dogs to speed recovery from illness and potentially help maintain white blood cell counts during chemotherapy. Also provides antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Safe for long-term daily use as an adaptogenic immune tonic.

Ashwagandha

Ayurvedic adaptogen known to reduce cortisol and systemic inflammation, supporting healthier stress response in dogs.

Withania somnifera demonstrated benefits in a placebo-controlled study on geriatric dogs, lowering cortisol, boosting antioxidant enzymes, and improving inflammatory markers. By modulating the HPA axis, it indirectly strengthens immune defenses. It may also offer anti-tumor properties, though more canine-specific studies are ongoing.

Quercetin

A flavonoid with anti-allergy (“nature’s Benadryl”) and anti-inflammatory effects.

Quercetin stabilizes mast cells, reducing histamine release in allergic dogs. It also scavenges free radicals and has shown anti-cancer potential in vitro. Often paired with bromelain to enhance absorption and synergy. Holistic vets use quercetin to manage environmental allergies (e.g., itching, hot spots) with fewer side effects than antihistamine drugs.

Medicinal Mushrooms (Reishi, Shiitake, Maitake, Turkey Tail)

Beta-glucan-rich fungi that modulate immune responses, enhance NK cell activity, and exhibit anti-tumor properties.

These mushrooms are widely studied for immunotherapy. Turkey Tail (Coriolus versicolor) in particular prolonged survival in dogs with hemangiosarcoma in a University of Pennsylvania study. Reishi (“mushroom of immortality”) supports overall immune balance, while Shiitake and Maitake contribute potent beta-glucans that improve immune cell function and may hinder tumor growth.

Bromelain (for immune)

Proteolytic enzyme that reduces inflammation and improves quercetin absorption.

Beyond its joint and digestive roles, bromelain’s systemic enzyme activity can help break down inflammatory complexes, improve circulation, and possibly assist immune surveillance. It also helps quercetin enter cells more effectively.

Vitamin C

Water-soluble antioxidant that bolsters immunity and regenerates vitamin E.

Dogs synthesize some vitamin C, but extra can help in high-stress or illness states. It supports collagen production, white blood cell function, and overall antioxidant status. Sodium ascorbate form is gentler on the stomach; any excess is simply excreted.

Selenium

A cofactor for glutathione peroxidase, crucial in protecting immune cells from oxidative damage.

Adequate selenium allows white blood cells to maintain robust antioxidant defenses. Even slight deficiency can impair neutrophil function. Over-supplementation can be toxic, so the formula includes a micro-dose well within safe limits.

Black Pepper Extract (Piperine)

A bioavailability enhancer that significantly boosts absorption of curcumin, resveratrol, and other phytonutrients.

Piperine inhibits certain metabolic enzymes in the gut and liver, increasing the effective blood levels of numerous active compounds. In dogs, piperine is commonly used with turmeric (curcumin) to ensure sufficient systemic exposure. A tiny amount can have a big impact on absorption.

Cancer Prevention & Adjunctive Support

Curcumin (from Turmeric)

Anti-inflammatory polyphenol with direct anti-cancer actions like apoptosis induction and inhibition of tumor growth pathways.

Chronic inflammation predisposes to cancer; curcumin reduces that risk by blocking NF-κB and COX-2. It also helps scavenge free radicals. Though bioavailability can be low, combining curcumin with piperine or phospholipids significantly boosts plasma levels. Anecdotal veterinary reports suggest curcumin may help in some canine cancers, such as mast cell tumors.

Resveratrol (repeated)

Sirtuin activator that reduces oxidative stress and may inhibit cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis.

At low daily doses, resveratrol helps combat free radical damage that triggers DNA mutations. Some in vitro and rodent studies highlight its capacity to block tumor-promoting enzymes. For dogs, small frequent doses offset rapid metabolism, ensuring consistent bloodstream presence.

Turkey Tail (key mushroom for cancer)

Contains PSP/PSK compounds that significantly prolonged survival in dogs with hemangiosarcoma in research studies.

A landmark UPenn study showed that dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma lived longer (beyond typical expectancy) when supplemented with a standardized turkey tail extract. Beta-glucans likely prime the immune system to recognize and attack malignant cells. Integrative vets often add it to protocols for various canine cancers.

Green Tea Extract (EGCG)

Polyphenol with potent antioxidant and anti-tumor effects, included in decaffeinated form to avoid overstimulation.

EGCG can slow tumor growth and reduce inflammation. Also used for oral health in dogs (reducing plaque/bacterial load). In high doses it could be hepatotoxic, so we use a modest, safe level. Research in other species suggests EGCG modulates cell cycle regulation and enhances apoptosis of cancer cells.

Sulforaphane (from Broccoli Sprouts)

Activates the Nrf2 pathway to boost the body’s detoxification and antioxidant defenses, lowering cancer risk.

Sulforaphane upregulates phase II detox enzymes (like glutathione S-transferases), helping neutralize carcinogens before they cause genetic damage. Though canine data is limited, the mechanism is well-documented in mammals. A small daily dose can cumulatively strengthen cellular defenses.

Additional & Flavor Support

Bone Broth

Natural flavor enhancer that improves palatability and provides collagen/gelatin.

Often used as a base for the powder formulation. Bone broth adds savory taste, encouraging dogs to eat the supplement. It also contains minerals and gelatin that can further support joint and gut health.

Coconut Oil Powder (MCT source)

Delivers medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) that support cognitive function, energy, and coat condition.

A convenient, shelf-stable form of coconut oil providing MCTs. Dogs can metabolize these fats rapidly for quick energy, and older dogs in particular benefit from ketone production, which can fuel the brain when glucose metabolism is less efficient.

Methionine + Cysteine (reiterated)

Amino acids that help with flavor (mildly) and synergy for hair/skin.

These sulfur amino acids also help detoxification pathways. In some formulations, they can assist in building flavor complexity alongside bone broth.

Mixed Carotenoids (Lutein, Lycopene, Beta-Carotene)

Plant pigments with antioxidant benefits that can support eye health and immune function.

Carotenoids help protect cells from oxidative damage. Beta-carotene can convert to vitamin A if needed. Lutein and lycopene have specialized roles in ocular and prostate health, respectively (though less studied in dogs than in humans).